Conservatorship Petition (state-specific) · State Courts (Probate/Family Court)
Court petition to manage the financial affairs of an incapacitated person. May be combined with or separate from guardianship depending on state law. Requires evidence of financial incapacity or vulnerability.
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File with the probate or surrogate court in the proposed conservatee's county of residence
Conservatorship specifically addresses financial/estate management. Terminology varies by state (some states use 'guardian of the estate').
Filing Deadline
No fixed deadline, but file promptly when a person's finances are at risk. Emergency conservatorship available for urgent financial exploitation situations.
Standard: 45-90 days. Emergency conservatorship: 24-72 hours for temporary orders, with a full hearing within 30 days.
The court schedules a hearing and may appoint an attorney for the proposed conservatee. A court investigator may review the petition. If granted, Letters of Conservatorship are issued and the conservator must post a bond and file annual accountings.
State-specific · State Law (forms from AARP, state bar associations, hospitals)
Legal document specifying medical treatment preferences when the individual is unable to make decisions. Requirements for witnesses and notarization vary by state. Free state-specific forms available from AARP and state agencies.
Varies by state · State Legislatures / State Bar Associations
Written declaration of preferences regarding life-sustaining treatment, artificial nutrition and hydration, and comfort care when terminally ill or permanently unconscious. Legally distinct from healthcare proxy in many states.
State-specific · State Law
Designates a trusted person (agent/proxy) to make healthcare decisions when the individual cannot. May be part of a combined advance directive or a separate document depending on state law.
POLST · State Health Departments (46 states as of 2026)
Medical order (not just a directive) specifying life-sustaining treatment preferences. Actionable by EMS. For patients with serious life-limiting illness or advanced frailty. Works alongside advance directives.
MOLST · State Health Departments (e.g., New York)
New York's version of POLST. The only authorized form in NY for documenting non-hospital DNR and DNI orders. Must be completed by a physician in consultation with the patient or surrogate.
MOST / POST / COLST · Various State Health Departments
State-specific variants of POLST: Medical Orders for Scope of Treatment (MOST), Physician Orders for Scope of Treatment (POST), Clinician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (COLST). Functionally equivalent to POLST.
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