Internal Appeal (insurer-specific) · Health Insurance Plans
First-level appeal of claim denial or adverse benefit determination. Must be exhausted before external review. Insurer must respond within 30 days (pre-service) or 60 days (post-service).
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Mail to the address on your denial letter or Explanation of Benefits
The appeal address is always printed on the denial notice.
Fax to the insurer's appeals department
Fax number is on the denial notice.
Through the insurer's member portal (if available)
Filing Deadline
180 days from the date of the denial notice for most commercial plans (ACA requirement). Self-funded ERISA plans may have different deadlines — check your plan documents.
Standard (pre-service): 30 days. Standard (post-service/payment): 60 days. Urgent/concurrent: 72 hours (or as fast as medical circumstances require).
The insurer must conduct a full and fair review by a reviewer who was not involved in the initial denial. If denied again, you have the right to an external review by an independent organization.
External Review (state/federal) · State Departments of Insurance / CMS
Request for independent external review after exhausting internal appeals. Must be filed within 4 months of final internal denial. Reviewed by an Independent Review Organization (IRO). Decision is binding on the insurer.
DOI Complaint (state-specific) · State Departments of Insurance
Formal complaint to state insurance regulator about insurer practices, claim handling, coverage disputes, or unfair treatment. Each state has its own form and process.
PA Request (insurer-specific) · Health Insurance Plans
Request for approval of surgical procedures, imaging studies, specialist referrals, or other services requiring pre-authorization. Must demonstrate medical necessity.
Pharmacy PA (insurer/PBM-specific) · Health Insurance Plans / PBMs
Request for coverage of formulary drugs requiring PA, non-formulary drugs, or override of step therapy, quantity limits, or other utilization management edits.
Step Therapy Exception · Health Insurance Plans / PBMs
Request to bypass step therapy requirement and proceed directly to a preferred or non-preferred drug. Must document why first-step drugs are not appropriate for the patient.
Tiering Exception · Part D Plans / Commercial Insurers
Request to obtain a non-preferred drug at the lower cost-sharing tier. Prescriber must provide a supporting statement documenting why the lower-tier alternatives are not appropriate.
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